Інституційні координати економічної організації кооперативів

Abstract

У статті досліджено інституційні координати функціонування кооперативів як особливої форми організації економічної діяльності, що поєднує елементи ринку, мережі та ієрархії. Використовуючи методологію нової інституційної теорії, автори аналізують особливості механізмів координації, які лежать в основі функціонування кооперативів. У статті проаналізовано наукові підходи до визначення сутності кооперації, яка розглядається як явище, процес, відносини, об'єднання та інститут.

The article examines the institutional coordinates of the functioning of cooperatives as a special form of organization of economic activity, combining elements of the market, network and hierarchy. Using the methodology of the new institutional theory, the authors analyze the features of the coordination mechanisms that underlie the functioning of cooperatives. The article analyzes scientific approaches to determining the essence of cooperation, which is considered as a phenomenon, process, relations, association and institution. Particular attention is paid to the classification of cooperatives by coordination mechanisms - market, network and hierarchical. It is determined that the choice of a particular mechanism depends on such factors as the specificity of assets, the frequency of transactions and the level of uncertainty of the economic environment. The authors emphasize the hybrid nature of cooperatives, which integrate the advantages of different coordination mechanisms to achieve synergy and effective functioning. The article emphasizes that the network approach to organizing cooperatives provides flexibility, efficient use of resources and social synergy. Cooperatives organized according to the network principle contribute to the harmonization of the interests of participants, the creation of long-term relationships based on trust and the reduction of transaction costs. At the same time, the conditions under which cooperatives can transform between market, network and hierarchical forms depending on changes in the external environment are considered. Significant emphasis is placed on the analysis of the role of cooperatives in reducing transaction costs, increasing the efficiency of using specific assets, as well as in ensuring economic and social sustainability. It is determined that cooperatives act not only as economic entities, but also as an important tool for harmonizing socio-economic relations. The results obtained expand the idea of cooperatives as unique institutional structures capable of integrating the interests of participants and adapting to changing conditions of the economic environment.