Кредитні спілки та кооперативні банки в глобальному кооперативному русі

Abstract

У ході дослідження автор приділив певну увагу теоретичним основам кооперативного руху, зокрема – принципам діяльності кооперативів. Автором досліджено особливості кредитно-кооперативного сектору економік країн Азії: Пакистану, Індії, Бангладеш, Японії, Китаї та Кореї. Висвітлено задачі та перспективи розвитку кредитно-кооперативного руху в країнах Азії, а саме: особливості державного регулювання діяльності кредитних кооперативів у країнах Азії, а також інфраструктурний розвиток кредитно-кооперативного сектору країн Азії. Дослідженню притаманний більшою мірою описовий характер, аналіз проведено поверхово й недостатньо системно.

Cooperatives are people centred enterprises owned, controlled and run by and for their members to realise their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations. Cooperatives bring people together in a democratic and equal way. Whether the members are the customers, employees, users or residents, cooperatives are democratically managed by the 'one member, one vote' rule. Members share equal voting rights regardless of the amount of capital they put into the enterprise. As businesses driven by values, not just profit, cooperatives share internationally agreed principles and act together to build a better world through cooperation. Putting fairness, equality and social justice at the heart of the enterprise, cooperatives around the world are allowing people to work together to create sustainable enterprises that generate long-term jobs and prosperity. Cooperatives allow people to take control of their economic future and, because they are not owned by shareholders, the economic and social benefits of their activity stay in the communities where they are established. Profits generated are either reinvested in the enterprise or returned to the members. The cooperative movement is far from being a marginal phenomenon, at least 12% of humanity is a co-operator of any of the 3 million cooperatives on earth. A credit union is a member-owned financial cooperative, democratically controlled by its members. The Co-operative Credit Institutions in India can be classified as under a three-tier structure Primary Credit Societies at the bottom; Central Co-operative Bank at the middle; and State Co-operative Bank at the top. While there are some similarities between credit unions and banks, certain features are unique to credit unions: Cooperative: No one person or organization owns a credit union. It is owned and governed by its members. As a cooperative, it exists solely to provide members with affordable, convenient financial services. Members elect the directors, vote on share dividend and can become actively involved as 6 volunteers. Established in 1998, the credit union is a member of the Association of British Credit Unions. In 2012, it adopted the national co-operative brand. Co-operative banks are financial entities established on a co-operative basis and belonging to their members. This means that the customers of a co-operative bank are also its owners. These banks provide a wide range of regular banking and financial services. Co-operative banks aim to offer credit to the common man at moderate interest rates, eliminating the dominance of private money lenders. Providing agricultural loans to farmers at low interest rates for the growth of the agricultural sector and allied activities. Providing easy access to credit for rural industries.