Кооперативний рух в країнах Африки (на прикладі Гани)

Abstract

У ході дослідження автор приділив значну увагу теоретичним основам кооперативного руху, зокрема – соціально економічним передумовам появи кооперативів, кооперативним принципам і правовим засадам функціонування кооперативів безпосередньо у африканських країнах. Автором досліджено особливості становлення та розвитку кооперативного руху Гани – передусім кредитних та сільськогосподарських кооперативів цієї країни. Висвітлено проблеми та перспективи розвитку кооперативного сектору економіки Гани.

The essence of this research thesis is to analyze the cooperative movement in Africa using Ghana as a case study. Cooperative play important role in various economic activities in Africa. Cooperatives in Africa are consider as community development organization. Cooperative movement in Africa started during the colonial period where they were initiate and operated by African colonial masters. After Africans gained independent, local governments began to control cooperative activities where they gave support in aids of finances, technicians, agricultural inputs and others. In the midst of 1980s, Africa experienced an era of structural adjustment and commercialization. It was the same period that African governments lose their power and control over cooperative. The nature and results of cooperative in African countries differ from that of Western world cooperative movement for some reasons. Cooperative facilitative development on African continent is understood by yield employment opportunities and reduce poverty. Members of cooperative in Africa provide traditional mutual support where there are cases of sickness, funerals, and unexpected expenses. African cooperative also operate by providing democratic space and experience in environment by democratic character. The story of ECOWAS movement in 1975 treaty signed in Lagos, Nigeria was the biggest African cooperative that are still under operation and providing effective teamwork between West Africa countries. This research reviews on the types of cooperative in Ghana such as Agricultural cooperatives, Credit Unions, Consumer, Housing, Transport and others. This research also elaborate on the activities of cooperative that makes Ghana economy better. At the same time, it is review that government of Ghana give support to cooperative legally and participate in the cooperative movement. Ghana is a democratic country and the anchor for stability in West Africa. Ghana is 6 the first country that embraced the idea of Pan-Africanism, putting efforts to strengthen regional and supra-regional cooperation between African countries. In addition to, Ghana is also most active member state of ECOWAS and AU. Ghana steps in revising it legal framework on cooperative as easy field for employment and below relations in the country.